Nikotin: od biljaka do ljudi 

Jana Olson, William Aryitey, Roberta Costanzo

Med Reč 2020; 1(3): 142–147

Apstrakt

Nikotin je prirodno prisutan u mnogim usevima, uključujući ali ne ograničavajući se na duvan, patlidžan i paradajz. Nikotin je jedino u biljci duvana prisutan u dovoljno velikim količinama (~ 2% suve mase) da bi postigao farmakološke efekte. Ljudi su prepoznali stimulativne efekte dima nastalog sagorevanjem osušenog lišća duvana pre hiljade godina, i pušenje cigareta ostaje najčešći oblik unosa nikotina iz duvana.

Decenije epidemioloških podataka pokazuju da pušenje uzrokuje brojne ozbiljne bolesti (uključujući kardiovaskularne bolesti, rak pluća i hroničnu opstruktivnu bolest pluća [HOBP]). Nesumnjivo, najbolji način da se izbegne šteta od pušenja je da nikada ne započnete. Za sadašnje pušače potpuno odvikavanje od pušenja je najefikasniji način smanjenja rizika od štete i bolesti povezanih sa pušenjem.

Zajedno sa drugim aspektima poput arome i rituala, nikotin je jedan od razloga zašto ljudi puše. Nikotin, iako izaziva zavisnost i nije bez rizika, nije primarni uzrok bolesti povezanih sa pušenjem. Zaista, stručnjaci se slažu da su bolesti povezane sa pušenjem uzrokovane prvenstveno hroničnim izlaganjem štetnim sastojcima koji nastaju kada duvan gori. Ipak, mnogi ljudi i dalje pogrešno veruju da je nikotin glavni uzrok bolesti povezanih sa pušenjem. Iako proizvode koji sadrže nikotin ne bi smele da koriste određene grupe ljudi – poput maloletnika, ljudi koji boluju ili sa rizikom od srčanih bolesti, dijabetesa, epilepsije ili napada, trudnice ili dojilje ili žene koje misle da bi mogle biti trudne – isporuka nikotina manje štetnim sredstvima može podržati ciljeve javnog zdravlja podsticanjem pušača koji bi inače nastavili da puše da pređu na manje štetne proizvode. Stoga je, presudno baviti se najvećim zabludama o nikotinu kako bi se pušači osnažili da donose utemeljene odluke.

U ovom članku, razmatramo osnovne činjenice o nikotinu, njegovim efektima na ljudsko telo, kao i rizicima povezanim sa konzumacijom nikotina.

Ključne reči: nikotin, duvan, pušenje

Ceo tekst

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