Osteoporoza

Pregledni rad

Miodrag Savović, Svetlana Bogdanović

116–120

https://doi.org/10.5937/medrec2304116S

Apstrakt

Kost je tkivo koje se stalno obnavlja. Postoji ravnoteža između procesa formiranja i radnje kostiju. Do osteoporoze dolazi kada je proces gubitka koštane mase brži od procesa regeneracije. Bolest pogađa i muškarce i žene, naročito žene sa ulaskom u menopauzu, stariju populaciju, belu rasu. Važnu ulogu ima snižen nivo polnih hormona, povećan nivo hormona tiroidne žlezde, nadbubrega i paratiroidne žlezde, kao i nizak nivo kalcijuma i poremećaji u ishrani. Rizik od osteoporoze veći je kod hroničnih bolesti, celijakije, zapaljenjskih bolesti creva, gastroezofagijalnogrefluksa, reumatoidnog artritisa, malignih bolesti, lupusa. U riziku su i pacijenti koji dugo koriste kortikosteroide i antiepileptike. Komplikacije osteoporoze su prelomi kostiju, naročito kičmenih pršljenova i kuka. Prevencija osteoporoze podrazumeva kvalitetnu ishranu, redovnu fizičku aktivnost i unošenje dovoljne količine kalcijuma i vitamina D. Lečenje osteoporoze uključuje primenu lekova bifosfonata.

Ključne reči: osteoporoza, kalcijum, hormoni

Ceo tekst 

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